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# Is environmental reporting compliant with ESG frameworks?

Our reports align with commonly used sustainability metrics and provide audit-ready data to support internal or external ESG reporting.

Every physical SIM and eSIM in your estate is monitored individually, capturing:
* Actual data usage (GB consumed, not allocated)
* Real voice minutes (local and non-international calls)
* SMS volume (messages actually sent)
* SIM type (physical vs. eSIM – they have different carbon footprints)

Your SIMs operate on mixed 4G/5G UK networks. We apply the following verified emission factors:

| ${color}[#ffffff](**Impact source**) | ${color}[#ffffff](**Emission factor**) | ${color}[#ffffff](**Verification / sources**) |
| Mobile data usage | 0.05 kg CO₂e/GB | CE Delft, GSMA Intelligence |
| Voice calls | 0.01 kg CO₂e/min | O2, GSMA updated efficiency analysis |
| SMS messages | 0.000012 kg CO₂e/message | Vodafone lifecycle assessments |
| Network infrastructure | 0.52 kg CO₂e/month per SIM | GSMA Intelligence, Omdia (UK grid mix) |
| Physical SIM hardware | 0.005 kg CO₂e/month | Fraunhofer IZM, G+D lifecycle analysis |
| eSIM software | 0.003 kg CO₂e/month | Fraunhofer IZM, G+D lifecycle analysis |

We use a dedicated formula to calculate emissions per SIM:

Per-SIM monthly CO₂e = (data_usage_GB × 0.05) + (voice_minutes × 0.01) + (sms_count × 0.000012) + 0.52 + sim_type_factor

Where sim_type_factor = 0.005 for physical SIMs, 0.003 for eSIMs

We then use this to calculate your monthly SIM estate impact:

Fleet CO₂e = Σ (CO₂e for each individual SIM)